Measuring effective tax rates using tax revenue
figures is attractive, given that revenues collected capture the net effect of
tax provisions and taxpayer behaviour that are difficult to model. Yet reliance
on aggregate tax and income data requires restrictive assumptions and
significantly limits the scope of analysis.
This study considers
advantages of relying on micro-data to assess average tax rates on labour,
capital and transfer income and presents some illustrative results. The
analysis emphases the importance of matching taxpayer-level information to
income flows, and notes difficulties in interpreting tax rates that average
over all taxpayers. It also illustrates the importance of loss adjustments in
measuring effective tax rates on capital income, and reports evidence of
significant variation in corporate average tax rates by sector and firm asset
size.
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