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Library of Parliament Publications: Crime - Prevention and Responses

Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: International Experiences

7 May 2007
Over the last decade, movements have arisen in a number of jurisdictions in favour of the legislation of physician-assisted suicide and, in some cases, euthanasia. At the same time, there continues to be vocal opposition to the elimination of criminal sanctions for individuals who either assist in or cause the death of a person who has requested that his or her life be terminated. This paper reviews developments in jurisdictions that already permit physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia (or both) in certain contexts, as well as developments in some jurisdictions that appear to be moving toward greater acceptance of these practices. It also summarizes some of the events that have contributed to the debate on this issue.

Written by Mollie Dunsmuir and Marlisa Tiedemann. Published by the Library of Parliament, 2007.
   
Catalogue No. PRB 07-03E
Price $13.50
Format Softcover
Pages 18
Language English; Aussi disponible en français
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The “Spanking” Law: Section 43 of the Criminal Code

23 January 2007
Section 43 of the Criminal Code is controversial in that it expressly offers parents and teachers a defence when they use reasonable force to discipline a child. This paper reviews the content of s. 43 and its relatively recent judicial interpretation by the Supreme Court of Canada, a majority of which upheld the provision in 2004. It then discusses past proposals to repeal the section, and the legal effects that such a repeal would have, given the definition of assault in Canada’s Criminal Code and the availability of common law defences. Finally, public opinion on abolishing s. 43, research regarding the effects of physical punishment and international perspectives on the issue are briefly examined.

Written by Wade Riordan Raaflaub. Published by the Library of Parliament, 2007.
   
Catalogue No. PRB 05-10E
Price $9.95
Format Softcover
Pages 12
Language English; Aussi disponible en français
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Sentencing Practices and Recidivism

22 September 2004
Prosecutors, the courts and parole boards are involved in interpreting the criminal law and implementing Parliament's objectives. Unfortunately, the roles of these different institutions, and the impact of their actions on criminal behaviour and recidivism, are often misunderstood. The implications for this key public policy area are significant, and the present paper is intended to provide clarification.

Written by Tim Riordan. Published by the Library of Parliament, 2004.
   
Catalogue No. PRB 04-45E
Price $9.95
Format Softcover
Pages 11
Language English; Aussi disponible en français
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Prostitution in Canada: An Overview

1 September 2004
This paper provides a brief description of what is currently known about prostitution in Canada, and discusses how public policies have tried to mitigate the harmful aspects of prostitution.

Written by Julie Cool. Published by the Library of Parliament, 2004.
   
Catalogue No. PRB 04-43E
Price $13.50
Format Softcover
Pages 20
Language English; Aussi disponible en français
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Restorative Justice: A Complementary Approach to Resolving Criminal Justice Issues

30 January 2004
Restorative justice initiatives seek to address the harm that crime inflicts on victims and the larger community. This paper looks at the objectives of restorative justice, restorative justice and the courts, an assessment of restorative justice and critiques of restorative justice.

Written by Karen Hindle and Philip Rosen. Published by the Library of Parliament, 2004.
   
Catalogue No. PRB 03-39E
Price $19.95
Format Softcover
Pages 37
Language English; Aussi disponible en français
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Prostitution in Canada: International Obligations, Federal Law, and Provincial and Municipal Jurisdiction

14 February 2008
As a federal country within the international community, Canada has numerous obligations and a multifaceted approach to dealing with prostitution. Not only must the federal government implement criminal laws at the federal level to fulfill its international obligations; each province and municipality also has its own means of dealing with prostitution within its jurisdiction. These obligations occasionally clash, with laws that stretch beyond their mandated scope or do not manage to stretch far enough; yet the ultimate result is an interwoven fabric of legislation that attempts to cover prostitution in all its forms at every level of Canadian society.

This paper examines Canada's legal response to prostitution, at all levels of government.

Written by Laura Barnett. Published by the Library of Parliament, 2008.
   
Catalogue No. PRB 03-30E
Price $19.95
Format Softcover
Pages 32
Language English; Aussi disponible en français
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Prostitution: A Review of Legislation in Selected Countries

18 February 2005
This paper reviews the key legislative approaches to prostitution in a number of Western jurisdictions. In particular, it examines the specific laws and/or regulations these countries and states have instituted, and how they have fared in meeting their objectives.

On the surface, there appears to be little, if any, common ground among the diverse legislative directions taken by the countries and states examined in this paper. Nonetheless, their governments are largely wrestling with the same set of issues and seeking to balance two often-competing sets of responsibilities. On the one hand, they attempt to prevent the exploitation of prostitutes by pimps and clients. On the other, they aim to eliminate the increased crime (e.g., illegal drug consumption) and “nuisance” (noise, traffic, etc.) that prostitution creates in communities where it takes place.

Written by Karen Hindle and Laura Barnett. Published by the Library of Parliament, 2005.
   
Catalogue No. PRB 03-29E
Price $19.95
Format Softcover
Pages 37
Language English; Aussi disponible en français
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Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide

23 February 2006
Because of advances in medical treatment, people are now able to live longer and to delay death. But the ability to live longer often entails a diminished quality of life for those who suffer from degenerative or incurable diseases. The desire to achieve greater control over decisions relating to life and death has been fuelled by a number of factors, including: the desire to be spared from prolonged suffering; the increased incidence of seriously debilitating diseases such as AIDS and Alzheimer’s disease; and a better understanding of how medical technology can prolong life and affect the dying process. These factors fostered an interest in euthanasia and cessation of medical treatment.

This paper looks at the historical background of this controversial issue, the legal issues and treatment of the subject in other countries

Written by Mollie Dunsmuir and Marlisa Tiedemann. Published by the Library of Parliament, 2006.
   
Catalogue No. 91-9E
Price $19.95
Format Softcover
Pages 26
Language English; Aussi disponible en français
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This page last modified: May 13, 2008

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